A codon is a set of three nucleotides in a sequence of DNA or RNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid. There are codon usage is degenerate as 64 different codons code for 20 amino acids. Thus ...

Cells use a genetic code to translate the information contained in DNA and RNA sequences into the amino-acid building blocks that make up a protein (Nirenberg et al., 1965; Söll et al., 1965). DNA ...

The genetic code, which defines the amino acid sequence of a protein, also contains information that influences the rate and efficiency of translation. Neither the mechanisms nor functions of ...

The extent to which alteration of endogenous tRNA modifications may be exploited to improve genetic code expansion efforts has not been broadly investigated. Modifications of tRNAs are strongly ...

The genetic code has been proposed to be a ‘frozen accident,’ but the discovery of alternative genetic codes over the past four decades has shown that it can evolve to some degree. Since most examples ...

The genetic code has certain regularities that have resisted mechanistic interpretation. These include strong correlations between the first base of codons and the precursor from which the encoded ...

The present study is devoted to describing the “logic” implicit in the standard genetic code. Bases are considered as physicochemical entities possessing two essential properties: molecular type and ...