All systems can be understood using an input-process-output (IPO) model, and the system we call “innovation” is no exception. This model is likely familiar to you from information technology and ...

Industrial control systems can be categorized in two types: open-loop and closed-loop systems. The open-loop control system is a continuous control system that provides no feedback from its output.

We could be here for a while. This is Zoe. Zoe knows that systems are made of inputs, processes and outputs and how they work. So, an input device is something that takes a real-world signal like ...