The first step is to calculate the derivative of the function, often denoted as f' (x). The derivative represents the rate of ...

The characteristic functions satisfying (2) below are proved to be essentially the semi-stable laws. Auxiliary simultaneous integral equations are studied in Theorems 1, 2, 2' and 3. The final form of ...

We consider functions φ having the following properties: φ(0)=1, φ(-t) = φ(t) φ is continuable to a function analytic in the upper halfplane. We discuss the problem under which conditions such a ...