Abstraction is one of the four fundamental principles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), along with encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It refers to the concept of hiding complex ...

Abstraction is an OOP principle that hides implementation details and only shows essential features to the user. It helps reduce complexity and increases reusability. How to Achieve Abstraction in ...

How does one measure the performance penalty imposed by a compiler and execution environment on a program for using the data abstractions? In this article, I present the Data Abstraction Penalty (DAP) ...