Charlene Rhinehart is a CPA , CFE, chair of an Illinois CPA Society committee, and has a degree in accounting and finance from DePaul University. Vikki Velasquez is a researcher and writer who has ...

Where \(X\) is a normally distributed random variable with mean \(\mu\) and standard deviation \(\sigma\). The peak of the curve occurs at \(x=\mu\), and the spread ...

The normal distribution (also known as the Gaussian distribution) is arguably the most important distribution in Statistics. It is often used to represent continuous random variables occurring in ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

This column is the fourth in a series on parameter estimation, leading up to the justly famous Kalman filter. The discipline is based on the fact that our knowledge of the state of any real-world ...

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On rearranging, this becomes Equation 4: It is now apparent that the humble average is the best least squares estimator for the data model, Y = X + ε, which is the measure of location. In addition, ...