COCKBAIN 1 has suggested an extension of the suture-line theory 2 of the origin and significance of pentamerism in the phylum Echinodermata, which depends primarily on the fact that all modern ...

This exercise illustrates the two major features that all members of the Phylum Echinodermata have in common - the water vascular system and pentaradial symmetry. The take home message is that all ...

The way in which most multicellular organisms have been classified has been the same for more than a century. Only recently have scientists developed the tools and knowledge to question the way we ...

Identification of the previously unknown larval forms of the sea lilies, a group of marine invertebrates, is a refreshing reminder of the value of descriptive science in evolutionary studies. The main ...

This is the perfect time of year to look for an amazing group of animals, the echinoderms. The phylum echinodermata includes the sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, sea daisies and ...