In general, the STP protocol uses two types of messages: the BPDU, which contains information about the switches, and the TCN, which notifies about changes in the topology. Consider BPDU in more ...

In a networking infrastructure, a loop occurs when network packets continuously circulate among two or more network devices without reaching their intended destination. This situation arises due to ...

Before Starting, there are few terms that needs to be defined, and understood. Redundancy: Network Redundancy is the process of providing multiple path for traffic (backup path) so that data can keep ...

Abstract: The paper provides an overview of the second revision of the Transport protocol STP-ISS, which is developed for SpaceWire on-board networks. Current R&D activity is performed by the ...