Differential equations are fundamental tools in physics: they are used to describe phenomena ranging from fluid dynamics to general relativity. But when these equations become stiff (i.e. they involve ...

The team has improved the capabilities of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), a type of artificial intelligence that incorporates physical laws into the learning process. Researchers from the ...

Trigonometric identities are powerful tools for simplifying complex equations in math and science. Three core groups—reciprocal, quotient, and Pythagorean—form the foundation. Effective strategies ...