A fundamental goal of synthetic biology is to predictably and efficiently reprogram cells to perform computations and carry out specific biological tasks 1. Cells genetically engineered with ...

Electronic gizmos and living cells alike can process signals, turning inputs into outputs—even recognizing when gray-area signaling is dark enough, or light enough, to justify decisions that are, well ...

Output devices such as motors, solenoids, bulbs, buzzers, relays, LEDs, and 7-segment displays are used in many electronic circuits. Circuit diagrams illustrate how these devices are connected and ...

If the power source is a listed Class 2 transformer or listed Class 2 power supply — or it’s in listed equipment marked to identify the Class 2 power source — you’ve got a Class 2 circuit between the ...

Because the wiring and the inputs and outputs (I/Os) are the most vulnerable elements in a system, be sure to locate and identify these elements in the problem circuit. Sometimes, the only way to test ...