Cytokines: Indicate the role of cytokines in lymphocyte activation and differentiation. Label the specific cytokines involved, such as IL-2 for T cell proliferation or IL-4 for B cell differentiation.

Any substance that induces the immune system to produce antibodies against it is called an antigen. Any foreign invaders, such as pathogens (bacteria and viruses), chemicals, toxins, and pollens, can ...

Antigen tests can identify the presence of antigens within the body, which are substances that cause immune responses, such as the release of antibodies. The immune system, and antibodies specifically ...

Antigens and antibodies play vital but distinct roles in illness and disease. One tries to wreak havoc on our health while the other fights to protect it. Simply put, antigens can make you sick, and ...

Diagnostic tests have played a crucial role during the global wave of COVID-19. The gold standard diagnostic for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection continues to ...

Biology in Practice: Harnessing the Curative Potential of the Immune System in Lymphoid Cancers Graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) responses are critical to prevent relapse but may fail as a result of tumor ...