This paper provides simpler and more general preference foundations for difference representations than known before and shows how to obtain cardinal utility from those difference representations. In ...

In game theory, in order to properly use mixed strategies, equalizing strategies or the Nash arbitration method, we require cardinal payoffs. We present an alternative method to the possible tedious ...

An axiomatic model is presented in which a utility function over consequences, unique up to location and unit, is derived. The assumptions apply to a binary relation over purely subjective acts, ...

This note elaborates Suppes’ (1977, Erkenntnis Vol. 11, No. 1, pp 233-250) derivation of the logarithmic function as a consumer’s cardinal utility function on money income levels, in which the ...

Neoclassical utility functions are an invalid means of analyzing consumer behavior for three reasons: first, and most important, because such functions, and their attendant rankings, are cardinal, not ...