Background The usefulness and modalities of cardiovascular screening in young athletes remain controversial, particularly concerning the role of 12-lead ECG. One of the reasons refers to the presumed ...

Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, APA PsycInfo, Cochrane Library and grey literature sources. Study eligibility criteria Observational and experimental studies assessing a ...

The practice and teaching of physical examination techniques have evolved slowly since Hippocrates' time and have been virtually unchanged since the invention of the stethoscope nearly two centuries ...