Troubleshooting refrigeration equipment often requires measuring various electrical properties such as voltages, current flows, and resistances. Understanding these basic electrical fundamentals and ...

You need to know how to investigate how current changes with voltage for a component, eg for a resistor (or wire) at constant temperature, a filament lamp and a diode. You should be familiar with the ...

Previous tutorials have described that resistors may either be connected as a series circuit or a parallel circuit where the currents and voltages are obtained using Ohm’s Law. To produce more complex ...

Open circuit voltage is the potential difference measured across the terminals of a device when no external load is applied. Common in batteries, solar cells, and electrical circuits, it helps ...

Thevenin’s Theorem allows any linear, two-terminal circuit to be represented by a single voltage source in series with a resistance. Reduces complex circuits to a simple equivalent consisting of a ...

FET constant current sources use JFETs and MOSFETs to deliver a load current, which remains constant despite changes in load resistance or supply voltage. A FET constant current source is a type of ...

All conductors show some opposition to electric current. This opposition to current is called resistance. A good conductor has low resistance. A poor conductor, or insulator, has high resistance. The ...

Parallel Circuit Calculations provides a comprehensive overview of the rules and formulas used to calculate electrical quantities and capacity. Using a direct current parallel circuit as an example, ...

I see techs in the field get the most frustrated when they have a low-voltage short they can’t seem to locate. The challenge techs face with low voltage diagnosis is a combination of poor process and ...