A bi-directional current source for a grounded load will always have some complication in its construction. The improved Howland Current Pump as shown in Figure 1 is the most frequent choice for this ...

We all carry supercomputers in our pockets and use dozens of electric gizmos every day but rarely stop to marvel at the magical act of flicking a switch. Use your ordinary conducting and extraordinary ...

Current sensing devices are often desired in the power supply lines of various circuits, such as battery-powered computers, battery chargers or critical circuits requiring thermal forecasting. Figure ...

Lighting a string of LEDs at a constant brightness requires driving it with a regulated current. A boost converter is commonly used to step up the voltage to a level high enough to bias the LEDs on ...

For electricity to flow, everything needs to be connected in a big ring. It’s called a circuit. For example, the lights in most houses and flats are part of a circuit controlled by the consumer unit, ...

Download this article in PDF format. It’s now common to see circuit boards that carry hundreds of amps, especially in intensive data-processing applications, electric vehicles, and ac distribution.

The current flowing in a parallel circuit can be investigated by connecting the circuit below. Once more, put one ammeter in position A 1 and record the reading in a suitable table. The current in a ...

Currents were found to flow from cold to hot temperatures in some materials, described as ‘almost like watching a movie in reverse’. Scientists in Ireland and Spain have made a peculiar discovery that ...

Your 14-year-old kids have probably spent as much of their summer holidays on their phones or computers as they have at the beach or moaning about how bored they are. Yet when they learn about ...