Hydrophobic amino acids are vital components in the realm of protein structure and function. While hydrophilic amino acids establish interactions with water molecules in the cellular environment, ...

Mutations can occur on several levels, including genetic, but can also take the form of amino acid replacements during protein synthesis. Amino acid replacements can be deleterious, neutral, or ...

In 1959, the American biochemist Walter Kauzmann proposed a radical solution to the problem of protein structure. At the time, it was unclear how proteins, the workhorses of the cell, fold into their ...

If you’ve ever learned a language, says Jen Heemstra of Emory University, there are two levels of understanding. First you learn to read text and comprehend it. Then you begin speaking the language ...