Gene expression involves inherently probabilistic steps that create fluctuations in protein abundances. The results from many in-depth analyses and genome-scale surveys have suggested how such ...

The number of critically endangered animals has been increasing in recent years. According to data from the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), 1375 avian species are ...

Many RNAs, proteins, and organelles are present in such low numbers per cell that random segregation of individual copies causes large "partitioning errors" at cell division. Even symmetrically ...

Beijing Zhongke Journal Publising Co. Ltd. From the problem discussed in the abstract, this study aimed to obtain better visible performance of small elements as well as achieve dynamically stable ...