The formula is H 2 O so the dot and cross diagram includes two H atoms and one O atom. H has 1 outer electron. O has 6 outer electrons. The H circles must each overlap the O circle. Nitrogen molecules ...

This video explains ionic bonding. An ionic compound is made up of charged particles, called ions. It has a giant lattice structure, with strong electrostatic forces of attraction.

Electron-pair bonding is a central chemical paradigm. Here, we show that alongside the two classical covalent and ionic bond families, there exists a class of charge-shift (CS) bonds wherein the ...