As a branch of graph theory, Graph drawing applies topology and geometry to derive two- and three-dimensional representations of graphs. Graph drawing is motivated by applications such as VLSI circuit ...

Semigroups of transformations and endomorphisms have emerged as powerful algebraic frameworks to elucidate the underlying structures of graphs. By harnessing the principles of semigroup theory, ...

A quadratic equation is drawn as a curve on a set of axes. This type of curve is called a parabola and it is symmetrical. To draw the graph we need coordinates. We generate these coordinates by ...