A function is a rule that is applied to one set of values to give another set of values. A function can be illustrated on a graph – points are plotted as coordinates and joined by either a straight ...

All quadratic functions have the same type of curved graphs with a line of symmetry. The graph of the quadratic function \(y = ax^2 + bx + c\) is a smooth curve with one turning point. The turning ...

Principal stresses are defined as the maximum and minimum normal stresses in a plane. Principal stresses are perpendicular to each other and oriented such that shear stresses are zero. For 3D stress ...