Frequency Modulation (or FM) synthesis is a simple and powerful method for creating and controlling complex spectra, introduced by John Chowning of Stanford University around 1973. In its simplest ...
/ c ± n.m / for n = 0, 1, 2, 3, .... where n is the sideband pair number In this expression, the + indicates the upper sidebands, and the - indicates lower ones ...
A 50-MHz FM signal is desired to have a frequency deviation of 24 kHz. The output of early stages of the transmitter is a 5-MHz signal with a frequency deviation of 4 kHz. How can the desired output ...
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Compared to the simple diode needed to demodulate AM radio signals, the detector circuits used for FM are slightly more complicated. Wrapping your head around phase detectors, ratio detectors, ...
Radio frequency (RF) refers to the part of the electromagnetic spectrum where electromagnetic waves can be generated by alternating current fed to an antenna. It spans from around 3 kHz to 300 GHz. RF ...
Abstract: As a superior multicarrier technique utilizing chirp signals for high-mobility communications, affine frequency division multiplexing(AFDM) is envisioned to ...
Abstract: Generalized spatial modulation-aided affine frequency division multiplexing (GSM-AFDM) is conceived for reliable multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications over doubly selective ...
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