ABSTRACT: In this paper, we consider a more general bi-level optimization problem, where the inner objective function is consisted of three convex functions, involving a smooth and two non-smooth ...

The nonlinear conjugate gradient method is a very useful technique for solving large scale minimization problems and has wide applications in many fields. In this paper, we present a new algorithm of ...

Find out why backpropagation and gradient descent are key to prediction in machine learning, then get started with training a simple neural network using gradient descent and Java code. Most ...

Artificial deep neural networks (ADNNs) have become a cornerstone of modern machine learning, but they are not immune to challenges. One of the most significant problems plaguing ADNNs is the ...