How an advanced material can become both p- and n-material based on temperature gradient. The process by which this material was discovered and enhanced. The possible applications of this device ...

Accurate and stable temperature control is necessary for effectively using many thermally sensitive components and sensors, such as semiconductor lasers and optical detectors. An industry has grown up ...

Physicists report that temperature gradients within pores in rock could have separated primitive biopolymers on the basis of their sequences -- a vital precondition for the formation of ...