A dot and cross diagram for sodium chloride suggests that it is made up of pairs of sodium and chloride ions. It is not. A 3D construction model shows how the ions are arranged in a lattice structure.

A dot and cross diagram models the transfer of electrons from metal atoms to non-metal atoms. The electrons from one atom are shown as dots, and the electrons from the other atom are shown as crosses.

DIVIDED into three sections, this is essentially a textbook for the student who has had already a good grounding in the principles of organic chemistry. After a consideration of theories of valency ...