Fermentation is one of the oldest biotechnologies, yet it’s now driving some of the most cutting-edge innovations in health, nutrition, and sustainability. From therapeutic enzymes and precision ...

The bioproduction of biologics such as plasmids and enzymes is crucial for the development of biopharmaceuticals like cutting-edge gene therapies. However, scaling microbial fermentation from the lab ...

A research team has delivered a comprehensive overview showing how microbial fermentation—guided by synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, and smart bioprocess design—can transform violacein from a ...