This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract This paper studies the expressive power that an extra first order quantifier adds to a fragment of monadic second order logic, extending the ...

We solve a problem of Friedman by showing the existence of a logic stronger than first-order logic even for countable models, but still satisfying the general compactness theorem, assuming e.g. the ...

Predicate logic is an extension of propositional logic. Here we consider what is called first-order predicate logic, abbreviated FOL (sometimes abbreviated PL1, not to be confused with the programming ...

Originally published on Sept. 25, 2018. In a world of divisive politics, rhetoric and debate, author Eugenia Cheng has the secret to winning an argument: mathematical logic. Cheng, a mathematician and ...

Microsoft has introduced a new set of small language models called Phi-4-reasoning, Phi-4-reasoning-plus, and Phi-4-mini-reasoning, which are described as "marking a new era for efficient AI." These ...