For more than 1,500 years, nerves were thought to function through the action of 'animal spirits'. In the seventeenth century, René Descartes conceived of these 'spirits' as liquids or gases, and used ...

Since the distal part of the intestine is targeted by a wide range of pathogens, the motility of the recto-anal region has been the object of many experimental and clinical observations. In this study ...

A reflex action follows this general sequence and does not involve the conscious part of the brain. This is why the response is so fast. Receptor in the skin detects a stimulus (the change in ...

Part of Biology (Single Science) The human body - Staying alive A reflex action follows this general sequence and does not involve the conscious part of the brain. This is why the response is so fast.

Treatment with first-generation antihistamines reduces sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal mucus weight, and, in some instances, cough in subjects with experimental or natural colds; however, treatment with ...