Eligibility criteria Inclusion criteria were (1) overhead athletes from Olympic or college sports, (2) preseason measures of shoulder ROM, (3) tracked in-season injuries at the shoulder and elbow, and ...

Background A decrease in dominant shoulder internal and total rotational range of motion (ROM) has been found in tennis players immediately after competitive play. This can become a risk factor for ...

Among the complex variables that were proposed to contribute to subjects with posterior shoulder tightness, [33] we focused muscular theories and selected those that could be easily determined and ...

Various theories exist regarding the mechanisms of stiff shoulder (SS). Potential etiological factors are adhesive capsulitis, [1] decreased capsular volume, [2,3] capsular contractions, [4] rotator ...