An exponential-based cost function is the most physically motivated and easily justifiable form, but it will inherently yield a wide range of costs that span many orders of magnitude which makes PR ...

Abstract: Due to its high programmability and storage, DNA circuits have been widely used in biological computing. In this paper, the addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, n-order and ...

Exponential and logarithmic functions are mathematical concepts with wide-ranging applications. Exponential functions are commonly used to model phenomena such as population growth, the spread of ...

Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences and Statistics, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran. Department of Mathematics, Payamenoor University ...

\({\log _a}a = 1\) (since \({a^1} = a\)) so \({\log _7}7 = 1\) \({\log _a}1 = 0\) (since \({a^0} = 1\)) so \({\log _{20}}1 = 0\) \({\log _a}p + {\log _a}q = {\log _a ...

Abstract: Two classes of mixed-integer nonlinear bilevel programming problems are discussed. One is that the follower's functions are separable with respect to the follower's variables, and the other ...

Diet quality indexes, including the Healthy Eating Index, assess diets based on usual dietary intakes and a scoring function. Nearly all diet quality indexes use scoring functions that have floors and ...

Timothy Li is a consultant, accountant, and finance manager with an MBA from USC and over 15 years of corporate finance experience. Timothy has helped provide CEOs and CFOs with deep-dive analytics, ...