Ionic liquids (ILs) are chemical compounds composed of ions with melting points below 100 °C exhibiting a design feature. ILs are commonly used as the so-called green solvents, reagents or highly ...

Part of Combined Science Bonding, structure and the properties of matter The outer shells of non-metal atoms gain electrons when they form ions: the ions formed are negative, because they have more ...

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate), PEDOT:PSS, has been utilized for over two decades as a stable, solution-processable hole conductor ...

The structure of choline-amino acid ionic liquids, atoxic task-specific solvents composed of materials originated from renewable feedstocks, is reviewed in this letter. The varied and strong ...

Creative Commons (CC): This is a Creative Commons license. Attribution (BY): Credit must be given to the creator. A set of IL-forming ion combinations has been studied to gain a deeper understanding ...

A two-dimensional model for the ionic lattice in sodium chloride Remember that the lattice arrangement is giant - for example, a single grain of salt may contain 1.2 × 10 18 (1,200,000,000,000,000,000 ...

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School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Protein misfolding is a detrimental effect which can lead to the inactivation of enzymes, ...

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was pretreated by using ionic liquids (ILs)-water mixtures solvent with solid acid catalysts. Different amount of water was considerate as the main variable. The peak ...