We describe which subdirectly irreducible flat algebras arise in the variety generated by an arbitrary class of flat algebras with absorbing bottom element. This is used to give an elementary ...

Mathematical logic, set theory, lattices and universal algebra form an interconnected framework that underpins much of modern mathematics. At its heart, mathematical logic provides rigorous formal ...

Instead of relying on software to tackle computationally intensive puzzles, researchers took an unconventional approach. They created a design for an electronic hardware system that directly ...

From the branching pattern of leaf veins to the variety of interconnected pathways that spread the coronavirus, nature thrives on networks -- grids that link the different components of complex ...