Analog circuit design is increasingly encountering mixed-signal circuits, and analog engineers need some understanding of discrete-time sampling circuits, whether they are sample-and-hold circuits or ...

Figure 4. A snapshot, in time, of two complex numbers whose exponents, and thus their phase angles, change with time. The notion of negative frequency is often troubling to engineers who've spent so ...

Design linear discrete-time systems and filters and analyze their behavior. Represent continuous-time signals and linear systems in discrete time, so that such signals can be recovered in continuous ...