The three-terminal TL431 voltage regulator is commonly found in switching power converters and instrumentation as a voltage reference. It is seemingly simple, yet has subtleties, including missing ...

Designers can make useful products that include electrical components close electrical componentA device in an electric circuit, such as a battery, switch or lamp.. They allow a product to have lights ...

The first thing I ever built without a kit was a 5 V regulated power supply using the old LM309K. That’s a classic linear regulator like a 7805. While they are simple, they waste a lot of energy as ...

A potential divider, also known as a voltage divider, is a simple yet essential circuit used to reduce voltage to a desired level. It consists of two resistors connected in series close seriesA way of ...

CMOS voltage reference circuits are integral to modern electronic systems, providing a stable and reproducible voltage that underpins the performance of myriad integrated devices. These circuits ...

In this part, we go to greater depths to look at TL431 dynamics. Adjust your air regulator for the deeper dive. What is seen in the data sheet plots of gain and output resistance for some ...