Due to increasing environmental pollutants and global industrialization, food and water safety have become crucial concerns today. Ensuring that consumables are free from harmful contaminants is a ...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy have emerged as complementary techniques that enable the precise characterisation of materials at the nanoscale. AFM provides ...

Transitions between different electronic energy levels in elements occur at unique energies and intensities, giving each element a distinctive emission spectrum. When the energy of an incident photon ...