Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 93, No. 15 (Jul. 23, 1996), pp. 7452-7453 (2 pages) ...
Entropy, introduced by Rudolf Clausius in 1865, is a way to quantify the amount of energy dispersion within a system. It reflects how energy, whether thermal or chemical, becomes more scattered ...
Thermodynamic spontaneity—whether a reaction can go—can be measured by changes in either of two parameters: entropy or free energy.
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