Learning curves are plots that show model performance as a function of training experience. The two most common types track performance against different dimensions of “experience”: training set size curves and training iteration curves. Training set size learning curves plot model performance …

This chapter covers Digital Literacy and Data in the Connected World. Content coming soon... Summary of Digital Literacy and Data in the Connected World will be added here. Last updated: 2025-12-20 Book Description Artificial intelligence is no longer a futuristic concept—it's embedded in the apps …

What is Embedded Machine Learning (TinyML)? At its core, Embedded Machine Learning, often called TinyML, is about running machine learning models directly on small, resource-constrained devices like microcontrollers. Instead of sending data to the cloud for processing, the intelligence lives on the …

In machine learning, backpropagation is a gradient computation method commonly used for training a neural network in computing parameter updates. It is an efficient application of the chain rule to neural networks. Backpropagation computes the gradient of a loss function with respect to the weights …

Accurate, high-frequency carbon emission forecasting is crucial for urban climate mitigation and achieving sustainable development goals. However, generalized models often result in lower prediction accuracy by overlooking the unique “sector specificity” of urban emission systems, namely, the …

PageRank (PR) is an algorithm used by Google Search to rank web pages in their search engine results. It is named after both the term "web page" and co-founder Larry Page. PageRank is a way of measuring the importance of website pages. According to Google: PageRank works by counting the number and …