Components Needed

• Arduino Board (e.g., Arduino Uno)
• DC Motor
• Motor Driver (e.g., L298N or L293D)
• Power Supply (suitable for your motor)
• Jumper Wires

Wiring Diagram

1. Connect the Motor Driver:

• Connect the motor terminals to the output pins of the motor driver (e.g., OUT1 and OUT2 for L298N).
• Connect the input pins of the motor driver (e.g., IN1 and IN2) to the digital pins on the Arduino (e.g., pin 8 and pin 9).
• Connect the enable pin (e.g., ENA) to a PWM-capable pin on the Arduino (e.g., pin 10) to control speed.

2. Power Connections:

• Connect the motor driver’s power supply pins to an appropriate power source (e.g., 12V for a 12V motor).
• Connect the ground of the motor driver to the ground of the Arduino.

Code Example

// Define pin numbers
const int motorPin1 = 8; // IN1
const int motorPin2 = 9; // IN2
const int enablePin = 10; // ENA
void setup() {
pinMode(motorPin1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(motorPin2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(enablePin, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
// Rotate clockwise
digitalWrite(motorPin1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(motorPin2, LOW);
analogWrite(enablePin, 255); // Full speed
delay(3000); // Run for 3 seconds
// Stop the motor
digitalWrite(motorPin1, LOW);
digitalWrite(motorPin2, LOW);
delay(1000); // Stop for 1 second
// Rotate counter-clockwise
digitalWrite(motorPin1, LOW);
digitalWrite(motorPin2, HIGH);
analogWrite(enablePin, 255); // Full speed
delay(3000); // Run for 3 seconds
// Stop the motor
digitalWrite(motorPin1, LOW);
digitalWrite(motorPin2, LOW);
delay(1000); // Stop for 1 second
}

Controlling Speed with PWM

• The analogWrite() function is used to set the speed of the motor. The value can range from 0 (stop) to 255 (full speed). Adjust this value to control the motor speed as needed.

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Additional Notes

• Motor Driver: Always use a motor driver to prevent damage to the Arduino, as the board cannot supply enough current for most motors directly.

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• Power Supply: Ensure that the power supply voltage matches the motor specifications to avoid overheating or damaging the motor.

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  By following these steps, you can effectively control a DC motor using an Arduino, allowing for various applications in robotics and automation projects.
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