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  1. Debugging in Java is the process of identifying and fixing errors in your code by analyzing its execution flow and variable states. It can be done using simple print statements, IDE debuggers, command-line tools, or logging frameworks.

    Example:

    public class Example {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    int x = 5;
    int y = 0;
    System.out.println("Before division"); // Debug output
    int result = x / y; // Will throw ArithmeticException
    System.out.println("Result: " + result);
    }
    }
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    Output will show "Before division" followed by an exception, helping you locate the issue.

    Using print statements like System.out.println() is the simplest way to trace variable values and program flow. However, for complex applications, this becomes inefficient. Modern IDEs such as Eclipse, IntelliJ IDEA, and NetBeans provide built-in debuggers where you can set breakpoints, step through code line-by-line, inspect variables, and evaluate expressions in real time.

    For command-line debugging, the Java Debugger (jdb) allows you to compile with -g for debug info and use commands like break, step, and print to control execution. This is useful when working on servers or minimal environments without an IDE.

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