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Creating a table in SQL is a fundamental step in designing a database. A table stores data in rows and columns, where each column has a defined data type and constraints.
Using SQL CREATE TABLE Command
Step 1: Define the Table Structure Use the CREATE TABLE statement followed by the table name and column definitions. Each column must have a name, data type, and optional constraints like PRIMARY KEY, NOT NULL, or UNIQUE .
CREATE TABLE Employees (EmployeeID INT PRIMARY KEY,FirstName VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,LastName VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,Email VARCHAR(100) UNIQUE,HireDate DATE);Copied!✕CopyINT is used for integers.
VARCHAR(n) stores variable-length text up to n characters.
DATE stores date values.
Step 2: Execute the Statement Run the SQL command in your database environment (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server).
Step 3: Verify the Table Check if the table exists:
SELECT * FROM Employees;Copied!✕CopyInitially, it will return no rows since it’s empty.
Creating a Table from Another Table
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- If we try to create a table that already exists, we get an error message 'Error: table already exists'. To fix this issue, we can add the optional IF NOT EXISTScommand while creating a table. Let's look at an example. Here, the SQL command checks if a table named Companiesexists, and if not, it creates a table with specified columns.
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