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In programming, an integer is a data type that represents whole numbers without any fractional or decimal parts. Integers can be positive, negative, or zero. They are fundamental in computer science and are used in various applications, from simple arithmetic operations to complex algorithms.
Representation and Types
Integers are typically represented in a computer as a group of binary digits (bits). The size of the grouping varies, so the set of integer sizes available varies between different types of computers. The most common representation of a positive integer is a string of bits using the binary numeral system.
Signed and Unsigned Integers
Signed Integers: These can represent both positive and negative numbers. The most common method for representing signed integers is two's complement, which allows a signed integral type with ( n ) bits to represent numbers from (-2^{(n-1)}) to (2^{(n-1)} - 1).
Unsigned Integers: These can only represent non-negative numbers, ranging from 0 to (2^n - 1) for an ( n )-bit integer.
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