```python

name = input("Enter your name: ")age = input("Enter your age: ")

print("Hello,", name + "!", "You are", age, "years old.")```

1. Input Function:
   • The `input()` function is used to capture user input. In this example, it prompts the user to enter their name and age. The input is stored as strings in the variables `name` and `age`.
   • Example: If the user types "Alice" when prompted for their name, the variable `name` will hold the string "Alice".
2. Output Function:
   • The `print()` function is used to display output to the console. In this case, it combines the greeting with the user's name and age.
   • The output will look like this if the user enters "Alice" for the name and "30" for the age:```Hello, Alice! You are 30 years old.```

• The `input()` function always returns data as a string. If you need to perform mathematical operations with the input (like adding ages), you should convert the input to an integer using `int()` or a float using `float()`. For example:```pythonage = int(input("Enter your age: ")) # Converts input to an integer```
• This simple program illustrates the basic interaction between the user and the program, making it a great starting point for understanding input and output in Python.

The `input()` function allows you to prompt the user for input. The basic syntax is:```pythonuser_input = input("Enter your message: ")```This will display the message "Enter your message: " and wait for the user to type something and press Enter. The input will be stored as a string in the variable `user_input`.

1. Getting User Information:```pythonname = input("What is your name? ")age = input("How old are you? ")print(f"Hello, {name}! You are {age} years old.")```This code prompts the user for their name and age, then prints a greeting message.
2. Typecasting Input:Since `input()` returns a string, you may need to convert it to other data types. For example, to get an integer:```pythonnumber = int(input("Enter a number: "))print(f"You entered: {number}")```Here, the input is converted to an integer using `int()`.
3. Handling Lists:You can also take multiple inputs and store them in a list. For example:```pythonnumbers = input("Enter numbers separated by spaces: ").split()print("You entered:", numbers)```This code takes a string of numbers separated by spaces and splits them into a list.

The `input()` function is commonly used in various scenarios, such as:

• Interactive Programs: Gathering user input for games or quizzes.
• Configuration Settings: Prompting users for settings in command-line applications.
• Data Collection: Collecting information for surveys or forms.

The `input()` function is a powerful tool in Python for creating interactive programs. By understanding how to use it effectively, you can enhance user experience and gather necessary data for your applications. For more detailed examples and advanced usage, you can refer to comprehensive guides available online.